Proof

The numbers, and their limits.

2,500 simulated cases the system had never seen, on a 20 km line with 6 sensors. We built the standard methods ourselves and ran everything on the same cases. Then we broke the model on purpose.

Against the methods in use today

Same cases, same rules

How far off is the location?

Typical distance from the real leak. Shorter is better.

Basic flow-balance alarm
355 m
State observer + classifier
670 m
Moving-horizon estimator
206 m
Neural network alone
254 m
Wavepin engine
190 m
Wavepin engine + learning
191 m

How many leaks does it catch?

Out of 100 real leaks. Longer is better.

Basic flow-balance alarm
80%
State observer + classifier
97%
Moving-horizon estimator
76%
Neural network alone
99%
Wavepin engine
97%
Wavepin engine + learning
99%

All alarms tuned to the same false-alarm rate (5 in 100) on separate data. The standard methods are our own implementations.

4.6×

closer to the leak than a moving-horizon estimator when the model is wrong.

95%

of the time it names the right cause: leak, valve, sensor or pump.

43%

of wrong-model cases where it says “do not trust my model”. It says so in 0.2% of normal cases.

Outcome

Less product on the ground

Average spill per leak over 15 minutes. 100 simulated leaks.

11.6 m³

No response

5.5 m³

Today: alarm, operator shuts down after 2 minutes

3.3 m³

Checked recommendation, acted on in 15 seconds

Fair warning: most of this gain comes from reacting in 15 seconds instead of 120. With the same 2-minute delay, a better alarm alone saved little (5.5 vs 5.2 m³). No pressure limit was broken in any case.

Straight talk

What is proven. What is not.

Proven, in simulation

  • Finds 97% of leaks at 7 false alarms per 100 quiet cases. Typical location error 190 m.
  • Tells a leak from a valve fault, a bad sensor and a weak pump.
  • Keeps working when the pipeline model is wrong.
  • Every recommendation passes a fixed safety rulebook first.
  • 12,800 cases. Every number is reproducible from the code.

Not proven yet

  • No real pipeline data has been used. None.
  • Tiny leaks (under 1% of flow): it catches 68%. A plain neural network catches more.
  • Pump trips still cause about one false alarm in five.
  • Two faults at once are often read as one.
  • One straight 20 km line, one product. No branches, no batches, no gas.
  • Nodes are in design; none is built.